Travelling to Nigeria is an exciting adventure filled with rich culture, warm hospitality, and stunning natural landscapes. However, to ensure a safe and smooth trip, it is crucial to ensure you meet all health requirements, including vaccinations.Â
In this guide, we’ll break down Nigeria’s travel vaccination requirements, recommended vaccines, and everything you need to know.
Why Are Vaccinations Important When Traveling to Nigeria?
Photo Source: WHO
Nigeria, like many tropical countries, is home to certain diseases that travellers might not commonly encounter in their home countries. Getting vaccinated not only protects you but also helps prevent the spread of diseases across borders.Â
Vaccinations act as a shield, reducing your risk of illness and allowing you to focus on enjoying your trip.
Mandatory Vaccination for Nigeria
The Yellow Fever vaccine is the only mandatory vaccination required for entry into Nigeria.
- Proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers from 9 months upwards.
- You must carry a Yellow Card (the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, ICVP) to show you have been vaccinated. This document will be checked upon arrival at Nigerian airports.
- The vaccination is valid for life, but make sure your certificate is up-to-date and accurately filled out.
- Some airlines may also ask for your Yellow Card before you board your flight to Nigeria.
What is Yellow Fever?
Yellow Fever is a viral disease spread by infected mosquitoes. It causes flu-like symptoms, and in severe cases, it can lead to serious liver disease, organ failure, or even death. Since Nigeria is located in a yellow fever endemic region, vaccination is not optional – it’s a must!
Where to Get the Yellow Fever Vaccine:
Travel Clinics: Specialized travel health clinics offer Yellow Fever vaccinations and can issue Yellow Cards.
Local Hospitals: Many hospitals have designated vaccination units.
Authorised Centers: You can check the World Health Organization (WHO) or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites for approved vaccination centres near you.
Airports: Some international airports have Yellow Fever vaccination booths for last-minute vaccinations, but this is not recommended as vaccines take 10 days to provide full protection.
Recommended Vaccinations for Nigeria
In addition to the Yellow Fever vaccine, several other vaccinations are strongly recommended. These are not mandatory for entry but will help keep you safe during your trip:
1. Hepatitis A
Why you need it: Hepatitis A is spread through contaminated food, water, or close contact with infected individuals. Even if you stay at top-tier hotels or eat in clean places, it’s still possible to contract the virus.
Who should get it: All travellers, regardless of age.
How it’s given: It is usually given in one shot, followed by a booster shot 6-12 months later for long-term protection.
2. Hepatitis B
Why you need it: Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood, needles, or unprotected sex.
Who should get it: Travellers who might need medical care, get tattoos or have intimate contact while abroad.
How it’s given: A series of 2-3 shots.
3. Typhoid Fever
Why you need it: Typhoid fever is spread through contaminated food or water, and it’s common in areas with poor sanitation.
Who should get it: Travellers who plan to eat local food or drink untreated water.
How it’s given: Either as an oral vaccine (capsules) or an injection.
4. Malaria Prevention (Not a Vaccine)
Why you need it: Nigeria is a malaria-endemic country. Mosquito bites spread malaria, leading to high fever, chills, and severe illness.
How to prevent it:Â
- Take antimalarial medications before, during, and after your trip (consult your doctor for the right prescription).
- Use insect repellents with DEET.
- Sleep under mosquito nets, especially in rural areas.
- Wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers in the evenings.
5. Meningitis (Meningococcal Disease)
Why you need it: Nigeria lies in the “Meningitis Belt,” a region where bacterial meningitis outbreaks are common during the dry season (December to June).
Who should get it: All travellers, particularly those visiting during the dry season or in crowded areas.
How it’s given: A single shot.
6. Polio
Why you need it: Although polio has been mostly eradicated worldwide, isolated cases have occurred in Nigeria.
Who should get it: All travellers, especially children.
How it’s given: An oral vaccine (drops) or an injection.
7. Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap)
Why you need it: These diseases can occur anywhere, and tetanus can result from even minor cuts or scrapes.
Who should get it: Travellers who haven’t had a booster shot in the last 10 years.
How it’s given: A single booster shot.
8. Rabies
Why you need it: Rabies is spread through bites or scratches from infected animals like dogs, bats, or monkeys.
Who should get it: Travellers spending time in rural areas, wildlife enthusiasts, or anyone working with animals.
How it’s given: A series of 3 shots over several weeks.
COVID-19 Vaccination Requirements
Currently, COVID-19 vaccination is not mandatory for entry into Nigeria. However, travellers are encouraged to be fully vaccinated to protect themselves and others before their trip.Â
Airlines or local authorities may update their requirements, so check the latest guidelines before travelling.
READ MORE: Essential Nigeria Travel Requirements
Tips for Staying Healthy in Nigeria
Drink Safe Water: Only drink bottled, boiled, or purified water. Avoid tap water, sachet water and ice cubes.
Eat Wisely: Stick to freshly cooked meals and avoid raw vegetables or unpeeled fruits.
Use Mosquito Protection: Always apply insect repellents and sleep under nets.
Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently or use hand sanitiser.
Travel Insurance: Get comprehensive health insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation.
Visit a Travel Clinic: Consult a doctor 4-6 weeks before your trip to plan your vaccinations and medications.
Don’t let illness ruin your Nigerian adventure. Visit your healthcare provider, plan your vaccinations, and pack smart. Once prepared, you can fully enjoy Nigeria’s vibrant cities, beautiful landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. Safe travels!
