Nigeria is home to some of the most fascinating Ancient Nigerian Kingdoms, each with a deep history, rich culture, and diverse traditions. Long before colonisation, powerful kingdoms ruled various regions, leaving behind legacies in politics, art, trade, and architecture.
The exciting part is that many of these Ancient Nigerian Kingdoms still exist today, and you can actually visit them.
If you’re searching for a travel experience that’s both educational and unforgettable, here are 7 remarkable Ancient Nigerian Kingdoms you can still explore.
7 Ancient Nigerian Kingdoms to Visit
1. The Benin Kingdom – Edo State
What You Can Visit:
- The Oba’s Palace in Benin City: This is the traditional home of the Oba of Benin. Though you can’t enter everywhere, guided tours are available.
- National Museum Benin City: See ancient Benin bronzes, ivory carvings, and artefacts from the kingdom.
Fun Fact:
The Benin Kingdom was so advanced that it had a working street-lighting system using palm oil lamps long before electricity.
2. The Oyo Empire – Oyo State
The Oyo Empire was once the most powerful Yoruba kingdom. It controlled trade and military routes across West Africa. Its capital was Old Oyo, also called Oyo-Ile, now an archaeological site.
What You Can Visit:
- Old Oyo National Park: This park contains the ruins of an ancient city, including old walls and palaces. It also has wildlife and nature trails.
Fun Fact:
The Oyo Kingdom had a strong army called the Eso, known for their bravery and discipline.
3. The Kanem-Borno Empire – Borno State
This is one of the oldest empires in Africa, with roots going as far back as the 9th century. The Kanem-Borno Empire flourished through trade and Islam and lasted for over a thousand years.
What You Can Visit:
- Shehu’s Palace in Maiduguri: This is the traditional palace of the Borno royalty.
- Remains of Old Kukawa: Once the capital of Borno, Kukawa still holds historical value for anyone interested in early Nigerian Islamic influence.
Fun Fact:
The Kanem-Borno Empire had diplomatic links with North Africa and the Middle East.
4. The Nri Kingdom – Anambra State
The Nri Kingdom is regarded as the cradle of the Igbo civilisation. It began around the 10th century and focused more on religion and peace than military force. The king, called the Eze Nri, was seen as a spiritual leader.
What You Can Visit:
- Nri Museum and Shrine: Learn about the traditions, sacred sites, and the spiritual role of the kingdom.
- Igbo-Ukwu Museum: Nearby, this museum houses bronze artefacts dating back to the 9th century.
Fun Fact:
The Nri people created one of the earliest bronze sculptures in Africa, before even the Benin bronzes.
5. The Ife Kingdom – Osun State
The Ife Kingdom is often called the Yoruba people’s birthplace. It’s also the spiritual home of the Ifá religion. The city of Ile-Ife is filled with myths, legends, and historical sites.
What You Can Visit:
- Ooni’s Palace: The palace of the Ooni of Ife, a sacred figure in Yoruba tradition.
- Ife Museum: Home to some of Africa’s oldest and most detailed bronze and terracotta sculptures.
Fun Fact:
Ile-Ife sculptures show such skill and realism that historians once doubted Africans could have made them without foreign help, which we now know is false.
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6. The Nupe Kingdom – Niger State
The Nupe Kingdom is less talked about but rich in culture and tradition. It dates back to the 15th century and was known for its unique architecture, crafts, and beautiful cloth weaving.
What You Can Visit:
- The Etsu Nupe’s Palace in Bida: Visit the palace of the current ruler and explore Nupe heritage.
- Local festivals: Like the Nupe Day Celebration, which features traditional dances, attire, and crafts.
Fun Fact:
The Nupe people are known for brass and glass bead-making and fine pottery.
7. The Zazzau Kingdom – Kaduna State
The Zazzau Kingdom is one of the Hausa city-states and still exists in Zaria. The kingdom was part of the trans-Saharan trade and extensively spread Islam in Northern Nigeria.
What You Can Visit:
- The Emir’s Palace in Zaria: A large and active royal court you can explore with permission.
- The Ancient City Walls of Zaria were built to protect the kingdom from invasion.
Fun Fact:
Queen Amina of Zazzau, a legendary warrior queen, greatly expanded the kingdom’s territory and built defensive walls.
Why Visit These Kingdoms?
Visiting ancient Nigerian kingdoms is more than just sightseeing. It’s a way to:
- Connect with history
- Learn about your roots.
- Experience culture and tradition firsthand
- Support local tourism and communities.
These kingdoms are living testaments to Nigeria’s greatness, long before modern-day borders were created.
Tips Before You Go:
- Go with a tour guide: Especially if you want to hear stories and understand what you see.
- Ask for permission before taking pictures in palaces or sacred places.
- Travel light but smart: Bring water, wear comfy shoes, and dress respectfully.
- Respect local customs: Every kingdom has its traditions, so be mindful.
Explore the rich heritage of Nigeria and discover efforts to preserve its diverse cultural traditions here.
FAQs About Ancient Nigerian Kingdoms
1. What is the oldest kingdom in Nigeria?
The Nri Kingdom is often considered the oldest, dating back to the 10th century, though the Kanem-Borno Empire goes even further, starting in the 9th century.
2. Can tourists visit these places safely?
Most of them are safe for visitors, but it’s always best to check current travel conditions, especially in northern Nigeria.
3. Are these kingdoms still active today?
Yes! Many still have rulers (Obas, Emirs, etc.) who play cultural and traditional roles in their communities.
4. Do I need a guide to visit?
It’s not required, but having a local guide helps you get the whole experience and historical context.
5. Which kingdom is known for bronze art?
Both the Benin and Ife Kingdoms are famous for their stunning bronze sculptures.